Anthocyanins-rich interventions on oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid profile in patients undergoing hemodialysis: meta-analysis and meta-regression.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of anthocyanins-interventions on oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid profile in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis were registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD42020209742). The primary outcome was anthocyanins-rich intervention on OS parameters and secondary outcome was anthocyanins-rich intervention on inflammation and dyslipidemia. RevMan 5.4 software was used to analyze the effect size of anthocyanins-rich intervention on OS, inflammation and dyslipidemia. Meta-analysis effect size calculations incorporated random-effects model for both outcomes 1 and 2. Eight studies were included in the systematic review (trials enrolling 715 patients; 165 men and 195 women; age range between 30 and 79 years). Anthocyanin intervention in patients undergoing hemodialysis decrease the oxidant parameters (std. mean: -2.64, 95% CI: [-3.77, -1.50], P ≤ 0.0001, I2 = 97%). Specially by reduction of malondialdehyde products in favor of anthocyanins-rich intervention (std. mean: -14.58 µmol.L, 95% CI: [-26.20, -2.96], P ≤ 0.0001, I2 = 99%) and myeloperoxidase (std. mean: -1.28 ηg.mL, 95% CI: [-2.11, -0.45], P = 0.003, I2 = 77%) against placebo group. Decrease inflammatory parameters (std. mean: -0.57, 95% CI: [-0.98, -0.16], P = 0.007, I2 = 79%), increase HDL cholesterol levels (std. mean: 0.58 mg.dL, 95% CI: [0.23, 0.94], P = 0.001, I2 = 12%) against placebo group. Anthocyanins-rich intervention seems to reduce oxidative stress, inflammatory parameters and improve lipid profile by increasing HDL cholesterol levels in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.

Análise do perfil lipídico de pacientes com diabetes tipo II com evento macrovascular estabelecido / Analysis of the lipid profile of patients with type II diabetes with predicted macrovascular event

Introdução: O termo diabetes mellitus (DM) descreve um distúrbio metabólico de etiologia múltipla caracterizado por hiperglicemia crônica decorrente de uma secreção deficiente de insulina e/ou incapacidade da mesma exercer adequadamente a sua função. Os efeitos desta enfermidade incluem danos a longo prazo, disfunção e falência de vários órgãos. Dentro deste contexto, a resistência à insulina e hiperinsulinemia são as principais forças motrizes no desenvolvimento da dislipidemia e representam um elo importante entre a obesidade e o desenvolvimento do diabetes tipo 2 e doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). Objetivo : Por conta da já determinada relação entre dislipidemia, DM e DCV, pretende se analisar os perfis lipídicos de pacientes com diabetes tipo II com eventos macrovasculares estabelecidos. Metodologia : Estudo observacional transversal, do tipo retrospectivo. Foram avaliados 60 pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de Diabetes da especialidade de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo , no período de janeiro a julho de 2022, através da análise de prontuários. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com os valores de triglicérides (TG): TG acima de 200 mg/dl e TG abaixo de 200 mg/dl, a fim de organizar e estabelecer os valores de colesterol de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) e colesterol de lipoproteína de não alta densidade (não HDL), preconizados como meta pela Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes. Os pacientes também foram divididos de acordo com a medicação utilizada para o tratamento da dislipidemia. Resultados: A amostra foi composta majoritariamente por mulheres (56,7%), idosos (70%) e etnia caucasiana (6 6,7%). Nota se não alcance das metas lipídicas em 93,2% dos pacientes com níveis de TG menor es que 200mg/dL e em 100% dos pacientes com níveis de TG maior es que 200mg/dL, mesmo em uso , pela maioria, de medicação adequada (estatina de alta potência 71,7%). Dentre os 6 indivíduos que utilizavam fibrato, 2 obedeciam aos critérios do uso desta medicação, no determinado momento da coleta de dados, para redução do risco cardiovascular, que são: valores de TG maiores que 204 mg/dL e valores de HDL menores que 34 mg/d L . No estudo, os valores de LDL variaram de 39,0 a 249,0 mg/dL, com média 88,5 ± 36,7, enquanto os valores de não HDL variaram de 53,0 a 295,0 mg/dL, com média 117,3 ± 44,4. Triglicérides variou de 51,0 a 609,0 mg/dL, apresentando média 171,2 ± 101,8. Não houve associação significativa entre meta para colesterol e características sociodemográficas como sexo (p=0,076), idade (p=0,547) e etnia (p=0,582). Assim como também não houve associação significativa entre meta para colesterol e potência no uso das estatinas (p=0,903). Conclusão: O estudo exibiu um perfil lipídico desfavorável, a análise correta dos valores lipídicos e alcance das metas dos valores de colesterol em pacientes com diabetes classificados como muito alto risco cardiovascular é fundamental para evitar novos eventos macrovasculares. Neste trabalho, ficou evidente a quantidade de fatores que podem influenciar na obtenção dos níveis lipídicos desejados e preconizado s por diversas diretrizes. Palavras chave: Diabetes Mellitus. Hiperlipidemias. Doenças Cardiovasculares. Angiopatias Diabéticas.

Factores del síndrome metabólico en el riesgo cardiovascular en pobladores peruanos / Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Cardiovascular Risk among Peruvian Populations

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de los factores del síndrome metabólico en el riesgo cardiovascular en pobladores del distrito de Ayacucho en Perú. Método: Enfoque cuantitativo, diseño correlacional causal. La muestra fue de 140 pobladores mayores de 18 años a quienes se les realizó el dosaje serológico y se tomaron las medidas antropométricas necesarias mediante el uso de equipos biomédicos calibrados y específicos para cada parámetro. Se utilizó como instrumento la Tabla de cálculo de Síndrome Metabólico (ALAD) y la tabla de Framinghan. Resultados: Se determinó que el Síndrome Metabólico incide significativamente (0,000) en el Riesgo Cardiovascular con un J2= 15,432 (1) y una influencia de 16,8 por ciento enfatizado por el coeficiente de Pseudo-R2 Nagelkerke. Conclusión: Se concluye que el síndrome metabólico incide en el riesgo cardiovascular de los pobladores evaluados, debido a que presentaron niveles bajo de colesterol HDL, triglicéridos altos, un incremento de perímetro abdominal y hábitos de fumar, siendo estos factores determinantes para incrementar el riesgo cardiovascular (AU)

Objective: To determine the incidence of metabolic syndrome factors on cardiovascular risk in inhabitants of the district of Ayacucho in Peru. Methods: Quantitative approach, causal correlational design. The sample consisted of 140 inhabitants over 18 years of age who underwent serological dosage and the necessary anthropometric measurements were taken using calibrated and specific biomedical equipment for each parameter. The Metabolic Syndrome Calculation Table (ALAD) and the Framinghan table were used as instruments. Results: It was determined that the Metabolic Syndrome has a significant influence (0.000) on Cardiovascular Risk with a J2= 15.432 (1) and an influence of 16.8 percent emphasized by the Pseudo-R2 Nagelkerke coefficient. Conclusion: It is concluded that the metabolic syndrome has an impact on the cardiovascular risk of the population evaluated, because they presented low HDL cholesterol levels, high triglycerides, an increase in abdominal perimeter and smoking habits, these being determining factors to increase cardiovascular risk(AU)

Traffic-related air pollution, biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and CC16 in children.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has revealed links between air pollution exposure and metabolic syndrome in adults; however, these associations are less explored in children. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the association between traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) and biomarkers of metabolic dysregulation, oxidative stress, and lung epithelial damage in children. METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional analyses in a sample of predominantly Latinx, low-income children (n = 218) to examine associations between air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), elemental carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), fine particulates (PM2.5)) and biomarkers of metabolic function (high-density lipoprotein (HDL), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), oxidative stress (8-isoprostane), and lung epithelial damage (club cell protein 16 (CC16)). RESULTS: HDL cholesterol showed an inverse association with NO2 and NOx, with the strongest relationship between HDL and 3-month exposure to NO2 (-15.4 mg/dL per IQR increase in 3-month NO2, 95% CI = -27.4, -3.4). 8-isoprostane showed a consistent pattern of increasing values with 1-day and 1-week exposure across all pollutants. Non-significant increases in % HbA1c were found during 1-month time frames and decreasing CC16 in 3-month exposure time frames. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that TRAP is significantly associated with decreased HDL cholesterol in longer-term time frames and elevated 8-isoprostane in shorter-term time frames. TRAP could have the potential to influence lifelong metabolic patterns, through metabolic effects in childhood.

Heavy metals controlling cardiovascular diseases risk factors in myocardial infarction patients in critically environmentally heavy metal-polluted steel industrial town Mandi-Gobindgarh (India).

Heavy metals (HMs) have a very significant clinical role in the pathogenesis, progression and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The prevalence of CVDs was reported to be higher in critically environmentally HM-polluted (EHMP) steel industrial town Mandi-Gobindgarh (India) for the last more than a decade. To ascertain the role of HMs in the onset of CVDs, the present study was chosen to investigate HMs content in myocardial infarction (MI) patients from EHMP steel industrial town Mandi-Gobindgarh. Total of 110 MI patients along with number- and age-matched healthy volunteers were recruited in the present investigation. The CVDs risk factors estimated in MI patients were overweight (higher body mass index), hypertension (higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures), dyslipidaemia (higher serum cholesterol, triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol), inflammation (higher-serum C reactive protein and aldosterone) and elevated oxidative stress (higher urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine). An imbalance of serum electrolyte concentrations including Na (hypernatremia), Ca (hypercalcaemia) and K (hypokalaemia) was also observed in MI patients in which CVDs risk factors were found to correlate positively with serum Na and Ca and negatively with serum K, respectively. Hair HM analysis was used as a bio-indicator for monitoring body HM status from past environmental HM exposure in which CVDs risk factors were observed to correlate positively with higher hair concentrations of Zn, Fe, Mo, Pb, As, Ca and Na and negatively with lower hair concentrations of Cu, Mg, Mn and K in MI patients, respectively. Thus, higher hair concentrations of Zn and Pb indicate their higher environmental exposure and possible cause of higher CVDs risk factors in MI patients from Mandi-Gobindgarh.

Proteomics: a tool to investigate of composition and function of HDL in hyperlipidemia / Proteômica: uma ferramenta para a investigação da composição e função da HDL em hiperlipidemia

The inverse relationship between HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and cardiovascular disease is well established. However, it is consensus that the cholesterol content present in HDL does not capture its complexity, and other metrics need to be explored. HDL is a heterogeneous, protein-enriched particle with functions going beyond lipid metabolism. In this way, its protein content seems to be attractive to investigate its behavior in the face of pathologies. Many of the proteins with important function in HDL are in low abundance (<1% of total proteins), which makes their detection challenging. Quantitative proteomics allows detecting proteins with high precision and robustness in complex matrix. However, quantitative proteomics is still poorly explored in the context of HDL. In this sense, in the second chapter of this thesis, the analytical performance of two quantitative methodologies was carefully investigated. These methods achieved adequate linearity and high precision using labeled peptides in a pool HDL, in addition to comparable ability to differentiate proteins from HDL subclasses of healthy subjects. Another bottleneck that waits for a solution in proteomics is the lack of standardization in data processing and analysis after mass spectrometry acquisition. In addition, interest in the cardioprotective properties of omega-3 is growing, but little is known about its effects on the HDL proteome. Thus, in the third chapter of this thesis, we compared five protein quantification strategies using Skyline and MaxDIA software platforms in order to investigate the HDL proteome from mice submitted to a high-fat diet supplemented or not with omega-3. MaxDIA with label-free quantification (MaxLFQ) achieved high precision to show that polyunsaturated fatty acids remodel the HDL proteome to a less inflammatory profile. Therefore, the two studies presented in this thesis begin to open new paths for a deeper and more reliable understanding of HDL, both at the level of protein quantification by mass spectrometry and after data acquisition

A inversa relação entre HDL-C (do inglês, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) e doenças cardiovasculares é bem estabelecida. No entanto, é consenso que o conteúdo de colesterol presente na HDL não captura sua complexidade, e outras métricas precisam ser exploradas. A HDL é uma partícula heterogênea, enriquecida em proteínas, com funções que vão além do metabolismo de lipídeos. Dessa forma, seu conteúdo proteico parece ser mais atrativo para exprimir seu comportamento frente às patologias. Muitas das proteínas com função importante estão em baixa abundância (<1% do total de proteínas), o que torna a detecção desafiadora. Métodos quantitativos de proteômica permitem detectar proteínas com alta precisão e robustez em matrizes complexas. No entanto, a proteômica quantitativa ainda é pouco explorada no contexto da HDL. Nesse sentido, no segundo capítulo dessa tese, a performance analítica de dois métodos quantitativos foi criteriosamente investigada, os quais alcançaram adequada linearidade e alta precisão usando peptídeos marcados em um pool de HDL, além de comparável habilidade em diferenciar as proteínas das subclasses da HDL de indivíduos saudáveis. Outro gargalo que aguarda por solução em proteômica é a falta de padronização no processamento e análise de dados após a aquisição por espectrometria de massas. Além disso, é crescente o interesse das propriedades cardioprotetivas do ômega-3, porém pouco se conhece sobre seus efeitos no proteoma da HDL. Então, no terceiro capítulo dessa tese, comparamos cinco estratégias de quantificação de proteínas utilizando os softwares Skyline e MaxDIA com o intuito de comparar o proteoma da HDL de camundongos submetidos a uma dieta hiperlipídica suplementados ou não com ômega-3. MaxDIA com quantificação label-free (MaxLFQ) apresentou alta precisão para mostrar que o ômega-3 remodela o proteoma da HDL para um perfil menos inflamatório. Portanto, os dois estudos apresentados nessa tesa começam a abrir novos caminhos para o entendimento mais profundo e confiável da HDL tanto por meio da quantificação das proteínas por espectrometria de massas quanto após à aquisição dos dados

The relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients aged 20 or above: a cross-sectional study.

AIM: The incidence rate of diabetes is increasing year by year, seriously threatening human health. As a predictor of glycemic control, glycated hemoglobin is reported to be related to various complications and prognoses of diabetes. Besides, HDL-C dyslipidemia is a component of metabolic syndrome and may be related to various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The principal objective of this project was to investigate the relationship between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin in adult diabetic patients. METHODS: A total of 3171 adult diabetic patients aged 20 years and above were included in the present study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin were regarded as independent and dependent variables, respectively. EmpowerStats software and R (version 3.4.3) were used to examine the association between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin. RESULTS: HDL-C was inversely associated with glycohemoglobin after adjusting for other covariates (ß = - 0.004, 95% CI:- 0.008 to - 0.000, p = 0.044). Race/ethnicity and age were considered the most prominent interactive factors that affect the relationship between HDL and glycosylated hemoglobin by the interaction analysis. A U-shaped association was detected between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin for people of other race/ethnicity or aged 60 and above, which had an inflection point of HDL-C at 60 mg/dL. In contrast, we observed an inverted U-shaped distribution between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin in people under 40 with point of inflection located at 60 mg/dL as well. CONCLUSIONS: HDL-C in diabetic patients is inversely associated with glycosylated hemoglobin and may be relevant to glycemic control. However, a U-shaped relationship was also observed in a certain kind of people, which implied that, though HDL-C is considered as metabolism and anti-atherogenic property, for diabetics, it is not the higher, the better.

Newly proposed insulin resistance indexes called TyG-NC and TyG-NHtR show efficacy in diagnosing the metabolic syndrome.

PURPOSE: Obesity and insulin resistance are considered cardinal to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. Several simple indexes of insulin resistance calculated from biochemical or anthropometric variables have been proposed. The study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of indirect insulin resistance indicators in detecting metabolic syndrome in non-diabetic patients, including TG/HDLc, METS-IR, TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, and new indicators TyG-NC (TyG-neck circumference) and TyG-NHtR (Tyg-neck circumference to height ratio). METHODS: The diagnostic accuracy of eight insulin resistance indexes was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC curves) in 665 adult non-diabetic patients. Then, the analysis was performed after the division into groups with proper body mass index, overweight and obese. RESULTS: All indexes achieved significant diagnostic accuracy, with the highest AUC (area under the curve) for TyG (0.888) and Tg/HDLc (0.874). The highest diagnostic performance in group with the proper body mass index was shown for TyG (0.909) and TyG-BMI (0.879). The highest accuracy in the group of overweight individuals was presented by TyG (0.884) and TG/HDLc (0.855). TG/HDLc and TyG showed the highest AUC (0.880 and 0.877, respectively) in the group with obesity. Both TyG-NC and TyG-NHtR reached significant areas under the curve, which makes them useful diagnostic tests in metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Indirect indices of insulin resistance, including proposed TyG-NC and TyG-NHtR, show an essential diagnostic value in diagnosing metabolic syndrome. TyG and TG/HDLc seem to be the most useful in the Caucasian population.

Improvement of serum lipid parameters in consumers of Mexican Wagyu-Cross beef: A randomized controlled trial.

Beef is considered an excellent source of high-quality protein and micronutrients. The high saturated fatty acid (SFA) composition of beef has been associated with cardiovascular diseases; however, this is a controversial issue because at present, no evidence has scientifically proven such an association. Wagyu cattle have been used as an option to generate high-quality fatty acids (FAs) in beef and have been crossed with local beef cattle (Wagyu-Cross). In Mexico, Wagyu-Cross is marketed assuming the same quality as purebred Wagyu meat without scientific support. This study aimed to determine whether the differences in the FA composition of Wagyu-Cross and commercial beef affected lipid metabolism in frequent consumers of beef. The study is a randomized, controlled, double-blinded phase IV clinical trial. Thirty-four volunteers completed treatments in which 120 g ground beef was consumed 3 days per week for 2 weeks. Volunteers were randomized to the "A" (commercial meat) or "B" (Wagyu-Cross meat) groups. The beef fat content was 87% higher, the SFA content was 2.3% lower, and the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) C18:1 n-9 concentrations were higher in Wagyu-Cross beef than in commercial beef. The B group exhibited a significantly larger change from baseline in the serum lipid profile in total cholesterol (TC) (-4.7% versus +6.9%), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (-4.1% versus +10.0%), nonhigh-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) (-6.1% versus +4.9%), and the ratio of three atherogenic indexes-TC/HDL (-3.5% versus +6.4%), LDL/HDL (-2.8% versus +14.6%), and non-HDL/HDL (-4.7% versus +9.3%)-than the A group. This result confirms that meat FA composition is a key point for redirecting cattle breeding strategies and promotes beef as a healthful protein source. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Here, we found new evidence based on a clinical trial that beef with a favorable fatty acid composition (i.e., monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content) is a key factor in improving parameters associated with consumer health. This information will support the design of cattle breeding strategies as an option to promote beef consumption as a healthier protein source and create opportunities for the development of the functional food industry.

Baseline cardiometabolic profiles and SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK Biobank.

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 is a rapidly spreading coronavirus responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic, which is characterized by severe respiratory infection. Many factors have been identified as risk factors for SARS-CoV-2, with much early attention being paid to body mass index (BMI), which is a well-known cardiometabolic risk factor. OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to examine the impact of additional baseline cardiometabolic risk factors including high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and diabetes on the odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in UK Biobank (UKB) study participants. METHODS: We examined the effect of BMI, lipid profiles, diabetes and alcohol intake on the odds of testing positive for SARS-Cov-2 among 9,005 UKB participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 from March 16 through July 14, 2020. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex and ancestry. RESULTS: Higher BMI, Type II diabetes and HbA1c were associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 odds (p < 0.05) while HDL-C and ApoA-I were associated with decreased odds (p < 0.001). Though the effect of BMI, Type II diabetes and HbA1c were eliminated when HDL-C was controlled, the effect of HDL-C remained significant when BMI was controlled for. LDL-C, ApoB and triglyceride levels were not found to be significantly associated with increased odds. CONCLUSION: Elevated HDL-C and ApoA-I levels were associated with reduced odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, while higher BMI, type II diabetes and HbA1c were associated with increased odds. The effects of BMI, type II diabetes and HbA1c levels were no longer significant after controlling for HDL-C, suggesting that these effects may be mediated in part through regulation of HDL-C levels. In summary, our study suggests that baseline HDL-C level may be useful for stratifying SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and corroborates the emerging picture that HDL-C may confer protection against sepsis in general and SARS-CoV-2 in particular.

The minor C-allele of the rs2014355 variant in ACADS gene is associated with exercise-induced increase in HDL cholesterol levels in Taiwanese adults.

ABSTRACT: We investigated the association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and rs2014355 variant in the gene, short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (ACADS) based on exercise habits.Data collected between 2008 and 2015 for individuals aged 30 to 70 years were available in the Taiwan Biobank (TWB) database. Backward stepwise linear regression was used to evaluate the associations of rs2014355 and exercise with HDL-C levels.We analyzed data of 5515 physically active and 4169 inactive biobank participants. The HDL-C concentrations were higher in the exercise compared to no exercise group (beta value, ß = 1.79856; P < .0001). We observed that the test for interaction was significant for the ACADS rs2014355 variant and exercise (P for interaction =.0412). Multivariate analyses showed significant association between TC+CC genotype and HDL-C in the exercise (ß = 1.09785; P value = .0146) compared to the no-exercise group (ß = -0.03754, P = .9154).In summary, the association between HDL-C and exercise differed significantly with respect to ACADS rs2014355 genotypes. Compared to the TT genotype, the TC+CC genotype together with exercise was associated with higher levels of HDL-C.

Higher Levels of Triglyceride, Fatty Acid Translocase, and Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Lower Level of HDL-C in Pregnant Women with GDM and Their Close Correlation with Neonatal Weight.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to compare the levels of maternal blood lipids, placental and venous blood lipid transporters, and inflammatory factor receptors in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We also aimed to figure out the relationship between these values and neonatal weight. METHODS: Fifty pregnant women with GDM under blood glucose control belong to the case group, and 50 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance in concurrent delivery belong to the control group. Fasting venous blood of these pregnant women was taken 2 weeks before delivery, and umbilical cord blood was collected after delivery. The levels of triglyceride (TG), serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood were tested in the laboratory department of our hospital. The level of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in serum of umbilical veins was detected by the double-antibody sandwich ELISA. Western blot and RT-PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of TLR4, LPL, and FAT/CD36 in the placenta. RESULTS: The level of TG in maternal blood in the case group was remarkably higher than that in the control group, which was opposite to the level of HDL-C. In the umbilical cord blood of women with GDM, the expression of TLR4 increased and was closely correlated with neonatal weight. In the placenta of women with GDM, the expressions of FAT/CD36 and TLR4 increased, and both of them were closely correlated with neonatal weight. Besides, TLR4 in umbilical cord blood increased and was closely correlated with neonatal weight. Although the expression of LPL in the placenta decreased, it had no obvious correlation with neonatal weight. CONCLUSIONS: TG in maternal blood, TLR4 in the placenta and umbilical cord blood, and FAT/CD36 in the placenta were positively correlated with neonatal weight. However, HDL-C in maternal blood was negatively correlated with neonatal weight. Although the expression of LPL in the placenta reduced due to GDM, it had no correlation with neonatal weight.

A homogeneous assay to determine high-density lipoprotein subclass cholesterol in serum.

Existing methods to measure high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) subclasses (HDL2-C and HDL3-C) are complex and require proficiency, and thus there is a need for a convenient, homogeneous assay to determine HDL-C subclasses in serum. Here, cholesterol reactivities in lipoprotein fractions [HDL2, HDL3, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)] toward polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified enzymes were determined in the presence of varying concentrations of dextran sulfate and magnesium nitrate. Particle sizes formed in the lipoprotein fractions were measured by dynamic light scattering. We optimized the concentrations of dextran sulfate and magnesium nitrate before assay with PEG-modified enzymes to provide selectivity for HDL3-C. On addition of dextran sulfate and magnesium nitrate, the sizes of particles of HDL2, LDL, and VLDL increased, but the size of HDL3 fraction particles remained constant, allowing only HDL3-C to participate in coupled reactions with the PEG-modified enzymes. In serum from both healthy volunteers and patients with type 2 diabetes, a good correlation was observed between the proposed assay and ultracentrifugation in the determination of HDL-C subclasses. The assay proposed here enables convenient and accurate determination of HDL-C subclasses in serum on a general automatic analyzer and enables low-cost routine diagnosis without preprocessing.

Early Signs of Atherogenic Features in the HDL Lipidomes of Normolipidemic Patients Newly Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), although the factors that accelerate atherosclerosis in these patients are poorly understood. The identification of the altered quantity and quality of lipoproteins, closely related to atherogenesis, is limited in routine to a pattern of high triglycerides and low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and in research as dysfunctional HDLs. We used the emerging NMR-based lipidomic technology to investigate compositional features of the HDLs of healthy individuals with normal coronary arteries, drug-naïve; recently diagnosed T2DM patients with normal coronary arteries; and patients with recent acute coronary syndrome. Patients with T2DM and normal serum lipid profiles even at diagnosis presented significant lipid alterations in HDL, characterized by higher triglycerides, lysophosphatidylcholine and saturated fatty acids; and lower cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, plasmalogens and polyunsaturated fatty acids, an atherogenic pattern that may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These changes are qualitatively similar to those found, more profoundly, in normolipidemic patients with established Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). We also conclude that NMR-based lipidomics offer a novel holistic exploratory approach for identifying and quantifying lipid species in biological matrixes in physiological processes and disease states or in disease biomarker discovery.

Triglicéridos, colesterol HDL y dislipidemia aterogénica en la guía europea para el control de las dislipidemias 2019 / Triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and atherogenic dyslipidaemia in the 2019 European guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias

En general, las guías de práctica clínica tanto europeas con americanas han abordado el control de la dislipidemia aterogénica de forma poco convincente e incluso superficial, en gran medida por las limitaciones terapéuticas disponibles. En consecuencia, esta dislipidemia está infradiagnosticada, infratratada e infracontrolada. Dada la reciente aparición de la guía 2019 de la European Atherosclerosis Society y de la European Society of Cardiology sobre el control de las dislipidemias, parece oportuno examinar su posicionamiento con respecto a la dislipidemia aterogénica y/o sus principales componentes, el aumento en las lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos y la disminución del colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad

In general, both European and American clinical guidelines have addressed the management of atherogenic dyslipidaemia in an unconvincing and even superficial way, largely because of the available therapeutic limitations. Consequently, this type of dyslipidaemia is underdiagnosed, under-treated, and under-controlled. Given the recent presentation of the 2019 guidelines of the European Atherosclerosis Society and the European Society of Cardiology on the management of dyslipidaemias, it seems appropriate to examine its position with respect to atherogenic dyslipidaemia and/or its main components, the increase in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and the decrease of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Investigation of Lipid Profile and Clinical Manifestations in SCA Children.

INTRODUCTION: Clinical complications in sickle cell anemia (SCA) are heterogeneous and involve several molecules. It has been suggested that SCA individuals present a dyslipidemic phenotype and that lipid parameters are associated with severe clinical complications, such as pulmonary hypertension. We sought to investigate associations between lipid parameters and clinical manifestations, as well as other laboratory parameters in a population of pediatric SCA patients. METHODS: Our cross-sectional evaluation included 126 SCA patients in steady state and who were not undergoing lipid-lowering therapy. Hematological and biochemical parameters were characterized, and previous clinical manifestations were investigated. RESULTS: Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were increased in patients with a previous history of pneumonia, which also positively correlated with HbS levels. Decreased LDL-C levels were also associated with leg ulcers and anemia. Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were associated with pain crises, increased viscosity, and decreased hemolysis. Several studies have determined that lipids play a role in the vascular impairment seen in SCA, which was corroborated by our findings. CONCLUSIONS: In sum, our results suggest that total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C levels are associated with hemolysis and anemia markers and, most importantly, with clinical complications related to vasculopathy in SCA.

Combining lipidomics and machine learning to measure clinical lipids in dried blood spots.

INTRODUCTION: Blood-based sample collection is a challenge, and dried blood spots (DBS) represent an attractive alternative. However, for DBSs to be an alternative to venous blood it is important that these samples are able to deliver comparable associations with clinical outcomes. To explore this we looked to see if lipid profile data could be used to predict the concentration of triglyceride, HDL, LDL and total cholesterol in DBSs using markers identified in plasma. OBJECTIVES: To determine if DBSs can be used as an alternative to venous blood in both research and clinical settings, and to determine if machine learning could predict 'clinical lipid' concentration from lipid profile data. METHODS: Lipid profiles were generated from plasma (n = 777) and DBS (n = 835) samples. Random forest was applied to identify and validate panels of lipid markers in plasma, which were translated into the DBS cohort to provide robust measures of the four 'clinical lipids'. RESULTS: In plasma samples panels of lipid markers were identified that could predict the concentration of the 'clinical lipids' with correlations between estimated and measured triglyceride, HDL, LDL and total cholesterol of 0.920, 0.743, 0.580 and 0.424 respectively. When translated into DBS samples, correlations of 0.836, 0.591, 0.561 and 0.569 were achieved for triglyceride, HDL, LDL and total cholesterol. CONCLUSION: DBSs represent an alternative to venous blood, however further work is required to improve the combined lipidomics and machine learning approach to develop it for use in health monitoring.

Oat bran in cardiovascular risk control in mental disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of oat bran supplementation on cardiovascular risk components of patients with mental disorders. METHOD: A before-and-after study, no control group. Cardiovascular risk indicators were assessed at baseline (M0), 90 (M1), 180 days (M2) and 180 days after supplementation (M3). RESULTS: Of the 45 patients admitted to a psychiatric institution using antipsychotics, more than two thirds had high cardiovascular risk assessed by abdominal obesity. Forty-six point seven percent were overweight and 31.1% metabolic syndrome. Oat bran was effective in reducing serum cholesterol (M0-M1), HDL-cholesterol (M1-M2), triglycerides (M1-M2), (M2-M3) and (M1-M3). In M3, there was a statistical difference for all indicators evaluated. CONCLUSION: Oat bran supplementation was effective in improving triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels, suggesting that it is a therapeutic option for cardiovascular risk control in patients with psychiatric disorders.